Chess, was invented in India around the 8th century. Then it was known as chatrang, and changed over the centuries by the Arabs, Persians and then ultimately the medieval Europeans, who changed the pieces’ names and appearances to resemble the English court.
Chess Grandmasters can no longer beat computers today as they did right up to the 1990’s. Whilst the human brain is creative and intuitive, it lacks the ability and processing power to completely avoid mistakes like modern computer software can in the 21st-Century, whether implemented in hardware or software, computers can utilize different strategies than humans to choose their moves: they use heuristic methods to build, search and evaluate trees representing sequences of moves from the current position and attempt to execute the best such sequence during play.
Deep Blue, the computer that beat Kasparov, is astoundingly powerful at calculating possible moves. This brute, with hardware specifically designed to suit its chess-playing program, can consider a billion chess moves every second.
Artificial Intelligence has influenced the way in which chess games are played at the top level. Most of the Grandmasters and Super Grandmasters (Rated at a FIDE above 2700) utilize these modern Artificial Intelligence chess engines to analyze their games as well as the games of their competitors.
For over 20 years , No human has defeated a computer in a chess tournament, the difference is estimated around 200-250 Elo in favor of the engine(s). For this reason, the Chess World Champion Magnus Carlsen has said he is not interested in a match with any engine. Elo was designed for chess rankings. Its a rating system used for ranking players in zero-sum games (games where there are equal number of winners and losers each match. Elo was invented by Alfred Elo . Chess programs running on commercial hardware more recently including mobile phones have been able to defeat even the strongest human players.
